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Each computer has a unique number in order to function properly in a network or the Internet. This number will determine how to address, because it makes it possible for a computer to find other computers – (something like addresses human!) And a communication with them.

So we have the IP address Internet protocol address. This number is in the form of
XXX. XXX. XXX. Xxx, where xxx is a number between 0 and 255
(Dotted quad, four groups of decimal numbersThe numbers separated by dots).
Computers do not understand our decimal system, but only electrical signals, such as
to off – we have the binary (base 2 not 10), where a number is a number between 0 and 1 used. Example: 7 is 00,000,111.
Each digit binary 1 or 0, and 8 bit is a bit ', is a byte.
Sun 255 is in binary, 11111111. Since each group is the IP address of the format of 8 bits and there are four groups (or four bytes), we say thatan IP address is 32 bits long (8 x 4 = 32).
192.0.2.79 example, in binary is: 11000000000000000000001001001111
Since there are two digits – 0 and 1 – you can have 4,294,967,296 (2 ^ 32) different combinations of addresses.

Each IP address shows two things: the network with which the computer belongs, and guests that the number of computers.
There are private IP addresses (computers not connected to the Internet)
and public IPAddresses (computers connected to internet).

IP addresses are divided into classes: A – B – C – D – E

Class A: IP addresses between 1.0.0.0 and 127 255 255 255.
The first byte identifies the networks in the next three bytes of the host.
We have 127 networks and 16,777,216 hosts.

Class B: IP addresses between 128.0.0.0 and 191 255 255 255.
The first two bytes identify the networks of the next two bytes of the host.
The first byte is limited to 128-191, we16,384 65,536 networks and hosts.

Class C: IP addresses between 192.0.0.0 and 223 255 255 255.
The first 3 bytes identify the network, the last byte of the guests.
The first byte is limited to 192-223, we have 2,097,152 networks and 256 guests

Class D: E 'used for multicast, that is when one computer to receive radio and all the others.

Class E: use for the future

Private IP addresses:

From 10000-10254254254

From 172.16.0.0at 172.31.254.254

192.168.0.0 to 192 168 254 254

IP addresses can be dynamic or static.

Dynamic, if the location each time a computer or a network connected to the Internet, the changes – the ISP has a different address for each connection.

Static when the address is always the same.

There is a new type of IP addresses, IPv6 (base 16), which allows you to have multiple addresses.

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